Since the dawn of the automobile—or at the very least, the birth of the Curved-Dash Oldsmobile in 1901—the industry has drifted toward non-rectilinear shapes. Even the phone-booth-upright Model T featured as many round forms as Henry Ford deemed financially prudent. For those of us born in the 1970s, the angular machines we grew up with seemed normal and modern; anything curvaceous was obviously archaic. A Ferrari 330GTS may as well have been an MGA, which could’ve been a Cord, for all we cared. Only survivors like the Beetle, 911, Mini, and the Fiat 124/Pininfarina Azzurra definitively bucked the trend, and they were recognizably vehicles that had sallied forth from an earlier time, vehicles who somehow beat back all attempts at replacement. Looking back now, it’s easy to see that the straight-edge styling of the 1970s and 1980s was merely a blip, an aberration. But if that strange period has roots anywhere, they’re right here, in the form of the Alfa Romeo Carabo from 1968.
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One might recall that Lamborghini’s Miura had been on the market for only two years when the Carabo went on display at the Paris auto show. One might be shocked to learn that they shared the same designer, young Marcello Gandini of Bertone. Underneath the Carabo’s fantastical shell sat the guts of a detuned racing car, in the form of Alfa’s 33 Stradale. While the workaday Stradale wore the era’s de rigueur curves, and wore them as well as anything from the Porsche 904 to the Ferrari 330 P4, Gandini went fabulously sci-fi with the Carabo.
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Gandini had conceived of the wedge shape as a way to combat the Miura’s tendency to raise its front end at speed. But at a time when Europe was undergoing upheaval—the Paris uprisings of May ’68, Soviet tanks rolling into Czechoslovakia, Andreas Baader’s early arson escapade in Germany, and tensions in Northern Ireland, to name but a few episodes in that turbulent year—why not start with a clean sheet that looked toward the future? Even if it wasn’t Gandini’s intent, the car’s straight, stern lines offered a respite from chaos, while the beetle-green paint imbued it with a sense of otherworldly playfulness.
-While the underpinnings were merely a refinement of what had come before, including a screaming 2.0-liter V-8 fed by SPICA mechanical fuel injection and nestled behind the cabin in a tube chassis, the exterior broke almost wholly with convention. Rather than a collection of forms, the Carabo was a single, hewn mass. Like the new 1968 Corvette and Opel GT, the Alfa featured pop-up headlights. Unlike the swoopy General Motors products, the Carabo’s rose out of a practically-flat front panel. The doors swung upward, allowing ingress over the thick sills in tight spaces. Gandini would later reuse the idea for the Miura’s replacement, the mighty Countach, a car that outwardly seemed to have more in common with the Alfa Romeo than its own predecessor.
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Sports and concept-car designers immediately took note. Nuccio Bertone, Gandini’s employer, put pen to paper and came up with the radical Stratos 0 (or Zero) concept. Pininfarina put its own space-age twist on the idea with the Ferrari 512S–based Modulo, now owned by Jim Glickenhaus. William Towns applied the precepts to a luxury sedan, resulting in the wonderful, complex Aston Martin Lagonda. Essentially, Europe had gone wedge-crazy. Even conservative Ferrari recruited Bertone to pen the successor to the Dino 246 GT, the underrated 308 GT4, then promptly returned to Pininfarina for their entry-level car’s stunning two-seat variants. Still, the famed concern’s Leonardo Fioravanti had clearly been nipping at the geometric Kool-Aid when he penned the 1972 365GT4 2+2, which later evolved into the 400 and 412.
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While Giorgetto Giugiaro was no stranger to high-powered sporting machines, having designed the lovely, troubled De Tomaso Mangusta during his tenure at Ghia, he truly made his mark on the industry with the first iteration of Volkswagen’s Golf and its more-sporting sibling, the Scirocco, which applied the Carabo’s strict lines in a more friendly, approachable form, setting a template that would influence every hatchback from the very-European Ford Fiesta to the bog-American Chevy Citation.
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It might be said that the Carabo’s influence reached its peak around 1983, just as the last Japanese and American cars cast off their “European” affectations of the 1970s. The first, most-angular of Ford’s long-running Panther-platform cars were in showrooms. The Fox-body Mustang still carried its four-eyed visage. The Camaro and Firebird had just given up their curvaceous second-generation bodies in favor of more angular, compact forms. Mitsubishi’s geometric Starion and its Chrysler Corporation captive-import Conquest twin were on the scene, and Honda’s first-generation CRX entered production late that year. By then, the Countach had sprouted fender flares, but it had yet to adopt the disruptive strakes of the Anniversary model. The next year would see the debut of Ferrari’s Testarossa, whose softer, blunted shape would set the aesthetic tone for supercars well into the 1990s.
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Ford’s Sierra and Audi’s C3 100 bucked the trend early, arriving in 1982. By the 1986 model year, when Ford adapted the Sierra’s jellybean styling for American tastes in the form of the Taurus and Mercury Sable, the writing was on the wall. At the same time, the edge had begun to come off the edges in Japan. Honda/Acura’s Legend was essentially a softer take on the styling of the third-generation Civic that had preceded it, and the Civic followed suit shortly thereafter. The Camry received rounded corners during the same period, while Giugiaro’s long-running Lotus Esprit was replaced by Peter Stevens’s rounder revamp in 1987. And finally, the Carabo’s indirect descendent, the Lamborghini Diablo, arrived in 1990, shutting the proverbial scissor door on its grandfather’s revolution.
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- Exceptional Conceptual: The Greatest Concept Cars of All Time, Volume I
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- Mind-Blowing 1970 Ferrari Modulo Concept Bought from Pininfarina by Jim Glickenhaus
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- From the C/D Archives: Our Original Lamborghini Countach 5000S Road Test
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Yes, in the years since we’ve seen Lamborghini trot out F-117–inspired designs in the form of the Reventón, Sesto Elemento, and Egoista, as well as the arrival of Cadillac’s Art & Science form language. While all of these made bold use of hard lines, none were as simple, plain, and sharp as the shape of things to come that the Carabo foretold. The future, it turned out, was just a phase.
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from Car and Driver Blog http://blog.caranddriver.com/the-1968-alfa-romeo-carabo-concept-promised-the-future-all-thats-left-are-scissor-doors/
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